Therapies
Longevity drugs and therapies compared on outcome trials — GLP-1 agonists, metformin, rapamycin and the rest.
Topic overview →Harvard's 'reverse aging' research: what the epigenetic reprogramming studies actually show
David Sinclair's Harvard lab has spent five years building a case that aging is, at its core, a loss of epigenetic information — not irreversible damage — and that restoring it can reverse aging markers. Two mouse studies back this up directly: one restored vision in mice with glaucoma and optic nerve injury, another showed that induced epigenetic 'noise' causally accelerates aging and that reprogramming reverses it. In January 2026, the FDA cleared the first human trial of this approach — a company Sinclair co-founded, Life Biosciences, is now testing a partial-reprogramming gene therapy (ER-100) in patients with glaucoma and NAION, two causes of vision loss. That trial is a safety-focused Phase 1 study, not proof the therapy works in humans — this is genuinely new territory, not an available treatment.
PharmD-reviewed · Updated
Weight-loss peptides compared: semaglutide, tirzepatide, retatrutide and CagriSema ranked by evidence
By weight-loss magnitude in published trials, the order is retatrutide (up to ~30.3% in TRIUMPH-1) ahead of tirzepatide (~20–22%, the strongest approved option) and CagriSema (~20.4% in REDEFINE-1), ahead of semaglutide (~15%) and liraglutide (~5–8%). But magnitude isn't the whole answer: retatrutide and CagriSema are not FDA-approved — retatrutide's Lilly is not expected to file until Q1 2027, with approval unlikely before late 2027 or 2028, and Novo Nordisk's CagriSema NDA was only submitted in December 2025. Today, tirzepatide is the strongest drug you can actually be prescribed.
PharmD-reviewed · Updated
Mounjaro vs Ozempic: which works better, and what it costs you
For weight loss, tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound) outperforms semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) across every direct comparison published so far — but the evidence is weaker than the headlines imply, and the difference matters less than whether you can tolerate the drug, afford it long term, and stay on it.
PharmD-reviewed · Updated
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